PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the final moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 years.